WORLD HISTORY

 Mesopotamian Civilsation-generalknowledge933.com

* It is the oldest civilisation of the world. Mesopotamia is the land between the rivers Tigris and uphrates.

* Mesopotamians were the first to use potter wheel, to make glass ware, to evolve a proper system of writing called cuneiform.  cuneiform  script  was deciphered ba Henry Rawlinson.

* mesopotamians discovered sexagesimal system of counting (based on sixities), pyhogoras theorem and the lenght of day and night.

Chinese Civilisation

* The earliest civilisation was bay the shang (chou) Dynasty, followed by the chin and han dynasties.

* In 3rd century BC, the ruler of china dynasty built the Great Wall.

* Chinese scirpt was pictographic and their celendarwas a combination of solar-lunar celendar.

* Silk became the chief item of export during the Hangs.

* The two major religion were Taoism and Confucianism. They invented water clock, abacus and umbrella.

Iranian Civilisation

* Tis civilisation developed in around 6th century BC by the Achaemenid Empire under  its first ruler, Cyrus. His capital was at pasaragadae.

* His successors were Darius and Darius lll. The Achaemenids introduced the use of gold and silver coin.

*Their main religion was zoroast-rianism, founded by zarathustra or zoroaster. Their official language was Aramaic.

Greek Civilisation

* The  civilisation  developed  around 800BC, when the small villages clustered to form city-states.

* They worshipped  zeus  (sky  god), poseidon  (sea  god),  Apollo  (sun  god), Athena (Goddessof victory) etc.

* In the Battle of marathon (490 BC),  Greeks  defeated  king Darius  l. Alexander was the greatest Greek rul.

* The Olympic  Games originated  in  Greece. Iliad and Odyssery are among the best epics of the world writen by Homer.

Romman Civilisation

* Italy was the centre of the civilisation. The  city of Rom was founded by Romlus in 1000 BC on the bank of river Tiver.

* The war between Carthage and Rome is known as Punic War (264 BC to 146 BC).

* Julius Caesar,  one of the generals, murdered pompey, another general and occupied the thron. He was attached Caesar was succeded by Octavian and Diocletion.

* Romans worshipped the planets. They developed theLatin language.

* Lucretius, seneca, Cicero and marus were the famous Roman philosophers and Horace and virgil were the poets.Tacitius and pliny were the historians.

* They invented  concrete  usefull for constructing buildings.

Renaissance

* The Renaissance  or  "Revival  of learning"  started  in  the AD 14th centurt in italy.

* The fall of constantinople by the Turks in 1453 led to the dispersal of scolars throughout Italy.  Renaissanceled to the revival of clasical learning,  art and architecture humanism. Renaissance writers-Dante,  petrorch,  Boccacciro and machiavelli, cam to the fore.

* Renaissance painters-Leonard  da vinci (The last supper and monalisa), michelangelo (The last judgement and the  fall  of  man)  and  Raphael (madonna)  emerged   during Renaissance.

* The movement also  helped in the development of printing press.